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There are currently 27 names in this directory beginning with the letter E.

ECG Cardiologist Overread Only, Pediatric

Special Instructions Contact Ambulatory Monitoring Services (AMS) for additional information, 800-289-4358. Related Documents For more information, please view the literature below. Mobile Cardiac Telemetry (MCT) Test Details Use Pediatric ECG cardiologist confirmation (for ages 0-18 years)

Electrolyte Panel

Test Includes Carbon dioxide; chloride; potassium; sodium Expected Turnaround Time Within 1 day Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents For more information, please view the literature below. AMA-Recognized Organ and Disease Panels Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum (preferred) or plasma Volume 2 mL Minimum Volume 0.8 mL Container Gel-barrier tube (send entire tube) preferred. Red-top tube or green-top (heparin) tube is acceptable if centrifuged within 45 minutes and the serum or plasma is removed and placed in a tightly-stoppered secondary tube. Collection Separate serum or plasma from cells within 45 minutes of collection; avoid hemolysis. Storage Instructions Room temperature Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 14 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x3 Causes for Rejection Hemolysis; improper labeling Test Details Methodology Ion-selective electrode (ISE); enzymatic

Enterovirus, Real-time PCR

Synonyms Enterovirus RT-PCR (Real-time PCR) Expected Turnaround Time 3 - 4 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), nasopharyngeal (NP)/throat swab, stool, or rectal swab Volume 0.5 mL CSF (noncentrifuged), one NP/throat swab, 1 g fresh stool, or one rectal swab Minimum Volume 0.2 mL CSF (noncentrifuged), one NP/throat swab, 1 g fresh stool, or one rectal swab Container Sterile container (CSF, stool), universal transport medium (NP/throat swab, rectal swab) Collection To avoid delays in turnaround time when requesting multiple tests on frozen samples, please submit separate frozen specimens for each test requested. Storage Instructions Swabs and stools are stable at room temperature, refrigerated, or frozen for seven days. CSF is stable at room temperature or refrigerated for seven days and frozen for 90 days. Test Details Use This assay is intended to be used as an aid in the diagnosis of enteroviral infections. Limitations Weak cross-reactivity was observed with some strains of rhinovirus that could be present in respiratory samples, and a false-positive result is possible if samples contain these viruses. This test was developed, and its performance characteristics determined, by LabCorp. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA has determined that such clearance or approval is not necessary. Test results should be interpreted in conjunction with clinical observations and other laboratory data and not used as the sole basis for diagnosis. Methodology Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

Enzyme Biotinidase Deficiency

Synonyms Biotinidase Deficiency Multiple Carboxylase Deficiency, Late Onset Special Instructions Note: Do not use this test for biotin (vitamin B7) testing. Expected Turnaround Time 4 - 10 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum, frozen Volume 3 mL Minimum Volume 1 mL Container Red-top tube Collection Separate serum from cells within 30 minutes of collection. Transfer specimen to a plastic transport tube before freezing. To avoid delays in turnaround time when requesting multiple tests on frozen samples, please submit separate frozen specimens for each test requested. Storage Instructions Freeze. Stability Requirements Temperature Period Frozen 1 month Causes for Rejection Quantity not sufficient for analysis; thawed specimen Test Details Use Diagnose biotinidase deficiency. This test is appropriate for the confirmation of newborn screening positive biotinidase deficiency results. Limitations Treatment with sulfonamides may interfere with the assay. Neonates may have lower enzyme activity than adults. Neonates with partial deficiencies should have repeat testing to confirm results at three to six months of age. This test does not measure biotin levels. This test measures the activity of the enzyme biotinidase. This test was developed, and its performance characteristics determined, by LabCorp. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Methodology Determination of enzyme activity with biotin-4-aminobenzoic acid

Eosinophil, Urine

Expected Turnaround Time 1 - 2 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Urine Minimum Volume 2 to 10 mL Container Plastic urine container or BD urine transport tube (red/yellow) Storage Instructions Refrigerate urine container for up to 48 hours. Refrigerate BD urine transport tube (red/yellow) for up to 72 hours. Causes for Rejection Urine container (no additive) not refrigerated; urine container (no additive) refrigerated longer than 48 hours; BD tubes older than 72 hours Test Details Use Aid in the diagnosis of tubulointerstitial disease associated with hypersensitivity to drugs (eg, penicillin and its analogues) Methodology Hansel stain with microscopic exam of concentrated urine specimen prep

Ephedrine, Serum or Plasma

Synonyms White Cross Expected Turnaround Time 10 - 14 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum or plasma, protect from light Volume 3 mL Minimum Volume 0.6 mL Container Red-top tube or green-top (heparin) tube. Gel-barrier tubes are not recommended. Collection Serum or plasma should be separated from cells within two hours of venipuncture. Submit serum or plasma in a plastic transport tube. Storage Instructions Submission/transport (<3 days): Room temperature. For storage beyond three days, specimen should be refrigerated or frozen. Protect from light. Patient Preparation Trough levels are most reproducible. Causes for Rejection Gel-barrier tubes; specimen not light-protected Test Details Use Therapeutic drug management; detect presence of ephedrine Methodology Gas chromatography/electron capture detection (GC/EC) Reference Interval 35−80 ng/mL

Ephedrine, Urine

Expected Turnaround Time 10 - 14 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Urine (random), protected from light Volume 10 mL Minimum Volume 0.6 mL Container Plastic urine container without preservative Collection Wrap specimen in foil to protect from light Storage Instructions Submission/transport (<3 days): Room temperature. For storage beyond three days, specimen should be refrigerated or frozen. Protect from light. Causes for Rejection Urine from preservative tube; specimen not light-protected Test Details Use Detect presence of ephedrine, a sympathomimetic medication and banned dietary supplement Methodology Gas chromatography/electron capture detection (GC/ECD)

Epicoccum purpur

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Acute Infection Antibodies Profile

Synonyms EBV Acute Infection Antibodies Test Includes EBV-EA, IgG; EBV-VCA, IgG; EBV-VCA, IgM; Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen antibodies (EBNA); interpretation Expected Turnaround Time 1 - 2 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum Volume 2 mL Minimum Volume 1 mL Container Red-top tube or gel-barrier tube Storage Instructions Room temperature. Specimen is stable for two days at room temperature or refrigerated. For storage longer than two days, freeze the specimen. Causes for Rejection Hemolysis; lipemia; grossly icteric; visible particulate matter; gross bacterial contamination Test Details Use Differentiation of acute from chronic or reactivated infections with Epstein-Barr virus Limitations The results from this panel are not by themselves diagnostic and should be considered in association with other clinical data and patient symptoms. This test is intended for qualitative determination only. The numeric value of the final result above the cutoff is not indicative of the amount of antibodies present. Methodology Chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) Reference Interval See individual tests. Additional Information Epstein-Barr (EB) virus is a herpes group virus that is ubiquitous. It is the cause of classic infectious mononucleosis and is causally implicated in the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma, some nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and rare hereditary lymphoproliferative disorders. The serologic response to EB virus includes antibody to early antigen, IgM and IgG antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA), and antibodies to Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA). Although most cases of infectious mononucleosis can be diagnosed on the basis of clinical findings, blood count and morphology, and a positive test for heterophile antibody, as many as 20% may be heterophile-negative, at least at presentation (Heterophile may become positive when repeated in a few days). In some of these cases, a test for Epstein-Barr virus antibodies may be useful. The most controversial use of EBV serology is in chronic fatigue syndrome, a complaint predominantly (but not exclusively) of young to middle-aged women, characterized by long persistent debilitating fatigue and a panoply of usually mild somatic complaints. The high levels of EBV antibodies in the general population, their long persistence, and the poor correlation of antibody titers with symptoms combine to make EBV serology useless in diagnosing, following, or ruling out chronic fatigue syndrome. See table. EBV Interpretation Table Interpretation EBV-IgM EA(D)-IgG VCA-IgG EBNA-IgG Key — Antibody present: + Antibody absent: − EBV seronegative − − − − Early phase + − − − Acute primary infection + ± + − Convalescence/past infection − ± + + Reactivated infection ± ± + +

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Qualitative, PCR

Synonyms EBV, Real-time PCR Expected Turnaround Time 3 - 4 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Whole blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Volume 1 mL Minimum Volume 0.2 mL Container Lavender-top (EDTA) tube, yellow-top (ACD) tube, or sterile container (CSF) Storage Instructions Whole blood is stable at room temperature or refrigerated for seven days; do not freeze. CSF is stable at room temperature or refrigerated for seven days or frozen for 90 days. Causes for Rejection Quantity not sufficient for analysis; gross specimen contamination; specimen too old; leaking or broken tube Test Details Use This test is intended to be used as an aid in the diagnosis of infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Methodology Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Quantitative, DNA PCR, Whole Blood

Expected Turnaround Time 2 - 4 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Whole blood Volume 2 mL Minimum Volume 0.6 mL Container Lavender-top (EDTA) or yellow-top (ACD) tube Storage Instructions Refrigerate. Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen Unstable Freeze/thaw cycles Unstable Causes for Rejection Frozen blood; heparin tube; improper labeling; gross specimen contamination; improper storage or transport; specimen too old; leaking or broken tube Test Details Use This test is intended to be used for the quantitative detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA and as an aid in the diagnosis and management of EBV infections. Limitations Quantitative range is 100−1,000,000 copies/mL. This test was developed, and its performance characteristics determined, by LabCorp. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA has determined that such clearance or approval is not necessary. Methodology Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Expected Turnaround Time 1 - 3 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Information Ferritin Hemoglobin (Hb) Iron and Total Iron-binding Capacity (TIBC) Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum Volume 0.5 mL Minimum Volume 0.3 mL (Note: This volume does not allow for repeat testing.) Container Red-top tube or gel-barrier tube Collection If a red-top tube is used, transfer separated serum to a plastic transport tube. Storage Instructions Maintain specimen at room temperature. Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 14 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x3 Test Details Use This test is intended as an aid in the diagnosis of anemias and polycythemias. With the advent of the administration of recombinant erythropoietin as a biologic therapy to increase red blood cell mass, an erythropoietin assay may be used also to aid in the prediction and monitoring of response to recombinant erythropoietin treatment of anemia. Limitations Erythropoietin (EPO) levels alone cannot reliably distinguish between primary and secondary polycythemia; EPO levels are within normal limits in some patients with primary polycythemia.1 People living at high altitudes may have higher EPO levels than people living at lower altitudes. This assay cannot distinguish between endogenous and exogenous EPO. There is some diurnal variation in EPO levels. For optimal results in serial patient monitoring, all specimens should be collected at the same time of day.2 For assays employing antibodies, the possibility exists for interference by heterophile antibodies in the patient sample.1 Patients who have been regularly exposed to animals or have received immunotherapy or diagnostic procedures utilizing immunoglobulins or immunoglobulin fragments may produce antibodies (eg, HAMA, that interfere with immunoassays). Additionally, other heterophile antibodies (such as human antigoat antibodies) may be present in patient samples. Such interfering antibodies may cause erroneous results. Carefully evaluate the results of patients suspected of having these antibodies. Because results obtained with one commercial EPO assay may differ significantly from those obtained with another, it is recommended that serial testing performed on the same patient over time should be performed with the same commercial EPO test.1 Lower EPO levels than expected have been seen in anemias associated with the following: rheumatoid arthritis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cancer, ulcerative colitis, sickle cell disease, and in premature neonates.1 Methodology Immunochemiluminometric assay (ICMA) Reference Interval 2.6−18.5 mIU/mL Additional Information Erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein (~30,400 daltons) produced primarily by the kidney, is the principal factor regulating red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in mammals.3 Renal production is regulated by changes in oxygen availability. Normally, EPO levels vary inversely with hematocrit. Under conditions of hypoxia, the level of EPO in the circulation increases, leading to increased production of red blood cells. Conversely, a high hematocrit should suppress the release of EPO. The over-expression of EPO may be associated with certain pathophysiological conditions.4 Primary polycythemia (polycythemia vera) is a neoplastic (clonal) blood disorder characterized by EPO-independent, autonomous production of erythrocytic progenitors from abnormal bone marrow stem.5 The majority of polycythemia vera cases are caused by oncogenic mutations that constitutively activate the JAKSTAT signal transduction pathway, such as JAK2V617F, or exon 12 mutations or LNK mutations. In most cases, decreased levels of EPO are found in the serum of affected patients.5 Conversely, various types of secondary polycythemias are associated with the production of elevated levels of EPO.5-8 The overproduction of EPO may be an adaptive response associated with conditions that produce tissue hypoxia, such as living at a high altitude, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cyanotic heart disease, sleep apnea, high oxygen affinity hemoglobinopathy, smoking, or localized renal hypoxia. In other instances, elevated EPO levels are the result of production by neoplastic cells. Tumors that have been associated with an inappropriate EPO production include cerebellar hemangioblastomas, uterine leiomyomas, pheochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, parathyroid adenomas, and meningiomas.6 Deficient EPO production is found in conjunction with certain forms of anemia.9,10 These include anemia of renal failure, end-stage renal disease,11 hypothyroidism, and malnutrition. EPO levels are often measured in patients with chronic kidney disease to assess the kidneys' continued ability to produce erythropoietin. Anemias of chronic disease (chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, malignancies), are characterized by a blunted response of erythroid progenitors to EPO. Other forms of anemia can be associated with EPO-independent causes, and affected individuals show elevated levels of EPO. These forms include aplastic anemias, iron deficiency anemias, thalassemia, megaloblastic anemias, pure red cell aplasias, and myelodysplastic syndromes.12 Recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) is administered clinically to stimulate red cell production in patients with chronic kidney disease, HIV-infected patients treated with zidovudine, patients undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy treatment, and other anemic patients (as an alternative to blood transfusion.)13,14 Several investigators have reported that in chemotherapy-treated cancer patients, baseline EPO levels of greater than 500 mIU/mL predicts unresponsiveness to EPO therapy. Endogenous serum erythropoietin levels are measured as a qualification criterion for rhEPO treatment of anemia in HIV-infected patients taking zidovudine.13 Pretransfusion erythropoietin levels have also been used to predict patients with myelodysplastic syndromes that are likely to respond to rhEPO treatment.12,15 rhEPO is used by some athletes as a performance enhancing drug in an effort to increase endurance and oxygen capacity by increasing the red blood cell count.16 This inappropriate use of the drug can result in adverse clinical consequences due to hypertension and increased blood viscosity. Its use has been prohibited by most sports organizations.

Escitalopram, Urine

Synonyms Lexapro® Expected Turnaround Time 7 - 10 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Specimen Requirements Specimen Urine (random) Volume 10 mL Minimum Volume 2 mL Container Plastic urine container without preservative Storage Instructions Submission/transport (<3 days): Room temperature. For storage beyond three days, specimen should be refrigerated or frozen. Causes for Rejection Urine in preservative tube Test Details Use Detect presence of escitalopram Methodology High-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/FL)

Estradiol

Special Instructions This test may exhibit interference when sample is collected from a person who is consuming a supplement with a high dose of biotin (also termed as vitamin B7 or B8, vitamin H, or coenzyme R). It is recommended to ask all patients who may be indicated for this test about biotin supplementation. Patients should be cautioned to stop biotin consumption at least 72 hours prior to the collection of a sample. Expected Turnaround Time Within 1 day Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Information Estrogens, Total Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum Volume 0.8 mL Minimum Volume 0.3 mL (Note: This volume does not allow for repeat testing.) Container Red-top tube or gel-barrier tube Collection If a red-top tube is used, transfer separated serum to a plastic transport tube. Storage Instructions Room temperature Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 14 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x3 Causes for Rejection Citrate plasma specimen; improper labeling Test Details Use This estradiol assay is designed for the investigation of fertility of women of reproductive age and for the support of in vitro fertilization. Limitations E2 levels in children, postmenopausal women, and men are much lower than in women of reproductive age. The increased sensitivity and specificity that are achieved by LC/MS-MS are the more appropriate choice for these clinical situations than the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) method.1,2 See Estradiol, Sensitive, LC/MS [140244]. LC/MS-MS offers superior analytical sensitivity, specificity and a larger dynamic range than immunoassays.1 The clinical applications benefiting from highly sensitive E2 measurement include the assessment of congenital defects in sex steroid metabolism and disorders of puberty. This sensitive assay also has application in the evaluation of estrogen deficiency in men and menopausal women, fracture risk assessment in these populations, and increasingly, in therapeutic drug monitoring of low-dose female hormone replacement therapy or antiestrogen treatment. Estradiol levels tend to fluctuate dramatically during the perimenopausal transition. There is significant overlap of the expected range in menopausal women with values observed during normal menstrual cycles. Estradiol results obtained with different assay methods cannot be used interchangeably in serial testing. To monitor a patient's serial results, it is best to ensure that the same methodology is used each time the test is performed. As with all test containing monoclonal mouse antibodies, erroneous findings may be obtained from samples taken from patients who have been treated with monoclonal mouse antibodies or who have received them for diagnostic purposes. In rare cases, interference due to extremely high titers of antibodies to streptavidin and ruthenium can occur. The test contains additives, which minimize these effects. Due to the risk of cross-reactivity, this estradiol assay should not be used when monitoring estradiol levels in patients treated with fulvestrant (Faslodex®). An alternate method that is not subject to interference by this drug such as the Estradiol, Sensitive, LC/MS [140244] should be used to measure estradiol levels in patients treated with fulvestrant. Methodology Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA)

Estriol

Synonyms E3 Pregnancy, Estriol Unconjugated Estriol Special Instructions State weeks of gestation on the test request form. This assay is usually performed as a serial measurement. Expected Turnaround Time 2 - 4 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum Volume 1 mL Minimum Volume 0.3 mL (Note: This volume does not allow for repeat testing.) Container Red-top tube or gel-barrier tube Collection If a red-top tube is used, transfer separated serum to a plastic transport tube. All specimens should be drawn at the same time of day to allow comparison of values. Storage Instructions Refrigerate Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 14 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x3 Patient Preparation Patient usually in third trimester of pregnancy Causes for Rejection Plasma specimen Test Details Use Evaluate fetal distress and placental function in the management of patients facing complications such as preëclampsia, fetal growth retardation, diabetes, Rh immunization, choriocarcinoma, and hydatidiform mole. May be elevated in hydrops fetalis in the presence of a dying fetus. May be low in the presence of a living anencephalic fetus. Limitations Single values are almost impossible to interpret; trends in a series of measurements are much more important. May be low in case of placental sulfatase deficiency in the presence of a healthy baby. Other causes of decreased estriol levels include subjects living at high altitudes, anemia, severe liver disease, and a variety of drugs.1 Estriol may be increased with multiple pregnancy2 and with oxytocin.2 It is not reliable in the presence of renal disease.1,2 Methodology Immunochemiluminometric assay (ICMA)

Estrogens, Total

Expected Turnaround Time 2 - 4 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum or plasma Volume 0.8 mL Minimum Volume 0.5 mL (Note: This volume does not allow for repeat testing.) Container Red-top tube, gel-barrier tube, or green-top (heparin) tube Collection If tube other than a gel-barrier tube is used, transfer separated serum or plasma to a plastic transport tube. Storage Instructions Refrigerate Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 3 days Refrigerated 7 days Frozen 14 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x3 Patient Preparation Patient must avoid having radioisotope scan prior to collection of specimen. Causes for Rejection Gross hemolysis; recent isotopic scan; gross lipemia; icteric specimen Test Details Use Evaluate for ovarian estrogen producing tumor in the premenarcheal and postmenopausal female; evaluate estrogen excess in males. Estrogen analysis may be helpful in establishing time of ovulation and optimal time for conception. Serial samples must be collected over several days to evaluate baseline and peak total estrogen levels. Methodology Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Reference Interval See table.1 Age Male (pg/mL) Female (pg/mL) Prepubertal <40 <40 Adults 40−115 Female cycle: Castrate: <40 1 to 10 d: 61−394 11 to 20 d: 122−437 21 to 30 d: 156−350 Postmenopausal: <40 HMG treatment for ovulation induction: 400−800 Tanner Stage I 10−38 10−46 II 17−45 22−63 III 22−55 24−110 IV 27−80 40−180 V 25−80 60−280

Estrone

Synonyms E1 Special Instructions Nonpregnant patients only. Expected Turnaround Time 3 - 5 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum or plasma Volume 0.8 mL Minimum Volume 0.4 mL (Note: This volume does not allow for repeat testing.) Container Red-top tube, gel-barrier tube, or lavender-top (EDTA) tube Collection If a red-top tube or lavender-top tube is used, transfer separated serum or plasma to a plastic transport tube. Storage Instructions Refrigerate Patient Preparation No isotopes administered 24 hours prior to venipuncture. Causes for Rejection Gross hemolysis; recently administered radioisotopes; lipemia; icteric specimen Test Details Use Evaluate postmenopausal vaginal bleeding due to peripheral conversion of androgenic steroids. Increased estrone levels may be associated with increased levels of circulating androgens and their subsequent peripheral conversion. Methodology Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

Ethanol, Whole Blood

Synonyms Alcohol, Blood Blood Alcohol Level Ethyl Alcohol, Blood Special Instructions Do not prepare venipuncture site with alcohol or remove stopper from tube. Expected Turnaround Time 3 - 5 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Whole blood or serum Volume 7 mL Minimum Volume 0.5 mL Container Gray-top (sodium fluoride) tube (preferred) or red-top tube. Submit original unopened tube. Storage Instructions Room temperature Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 14 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x3 Test Details Use Quantitation of alcohol level for medical or legal purposes; test unconscious patients; used to diagnose alcohol intoxication and determine appropriate therapy; detect alcoholism and to monitor ethanol treatment for methanol intoxication. Must be tested as possible cause of coma of unknown etiology since alcohol intoxication may mimic diabetic coma, cerebral trauma, and drug overdose. Limitations This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by LabCorp. It has not been cleared or approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Methodology Gas chromatography (GC) Reference Interval Negative (cutoff = 0.010%) Additional Information Ethanol is absorbed rapidly from the GI tract. Peak blood levels usually occur within 40 to 70 minutes on an empty stomach. Food in the stomach can decrease the absorption of alcohol. Ethanol is metabolized by the liver to acetaldehyde. Once peak blood ethanol levels are reached, disappearance is linear; a 70 kg man metabolizes 7−10 g of alcohol/hour (15±5 mg/dL/hour). The urine:blood ratio is considered to be about 1.35:1 but is quite variable. The average saliva:blood ratio is 1:20. Symptoms of intoxication in the presence of low alcohol levels could indicate a serious acute medical problem requiring immediate attention. The half-lives and effectiveness of certain drugs (eg, barbiturates, etc) are increased in the presence of ethanol.

Ethyl Alcohol, Screen with Confirmation, Urine (LabCorp MedWatch®) (Confirmation Performed at an Additional Charge)

Synonyms Confirmation performed at an additional charge; Alcohol, Urine Ethyl Alcohol, Urine Pain Management; Prescription Drug Monitoring; LabCorp MedWatch®; Medical Drug Monitoring Special Instructions This assay is intended for pain management. It is not intended for workplace testing and does not comply with state regulatory workplace testing programs. Expected Turnaround Time 2 - 5 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Specimen Requirements Specimen Urine (random) Volume 5 mL Container Urine bottle Storage Instructions Room temperature. Refrigerate or freeze if any delay in shipment to the lab. Test Details Use A positive urine alcohol is only indicative of recent use and cannot be used to determine impairment. Limitations Sources of ethyl alcohol include alcoholic beverages or, in some cases as a fermentation product of glucose, which can be present in the urine of some patients. Positive results should be interpreted with caution and in the context of all available clinical and behavioral information. Refrigerating or freezing urine specimens can reduce the potential of detecting glucose fermentation products. Methodology Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detection

Ethyl Benzene Metabolite Profile, Urine

Test Includes Creatinine, urine; mandelic acid, urine; mandelic acid:creatinine ratio Specimen Requirements Specimen Urine Volume 5 mL Minimum Volume 2.2 mL Container Plastic urine container, no preservative Collection Sampling time is the end of the shift at the end of the work week for industrial exposure monitoring. Metabolites with timing “end of shift at the end of the work week” (meaning four or five consecutive working days with exposure) are eliminated with half-lives longer than five hours. Such metabolites accumulate in the body during the work week; therefore, their timing is critical in relation to previous exposures. Storage Instructions Maintain specimen at room temperature. Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 7 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 14 days Test Details Use Monitor exposure to ethyl benzene Methodology Gas chromatography (GC) Reference Interval • Environmental exposure: None detected • Occupational exposure: BEI® (sampling time is the end of shift at the end of the work week): 700 mg/g creatinine1 Additional Information BEI® are reference values intended as guidelines for evaluation of occupational exposure. BEI® represent biological levels of chemicals that correspond to workers with inhalation exposure equivalent to the threshold limit value (TLV®) of the chemicals. TLVs refer to the airborne concentrations of substances and represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse health effects.1

Ethyl Glucuronide/Ethyl Sulfate (EtG/EtS), Screen and Confirmation, Urine

Expected Turnaround Time 1 - 4 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Urine Volume 20 mL Minimum Volume 10 mL (Note: This volume does not allow for repeat testing.) Container Plastic urine container. Use evidence tape or tamper-evident container for forensic specimens. Collection kits are available by request from the laboratory. Collection Urine temperature monitoring is recommended for samples tested for medicolegal purposes. Storage Instructions Maintain specimen at room temperature. If arrival at lab will extend beyond three days, refrigerate. Test Details Use Detect ingestion of ethanol. Limitations This test was developed, and its performance characteristics determined, by LabCorp. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Methodology Initial testing by immunoassay (IA); confirmation of positives by mass spectrometry (MS) Additional Information Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a direct metabolite of ethanol, which is formed by enzymatic conjugation of ethanol with glucuronic acid. Alcohol in the urine is normally detected for only a few hours versus several days for EtG. EtG, therefore, can be used to monitor compliance programs for abstinence from alcohol.

Ethylene Glycol, Serum or Plasma

Expected Turnaround Time 2 - 4 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum or plasma Volume 7 mL Minimum Volume 1.1 mL Container Gel-barrier tube or green-top (heparin) tube; submit original unopened tube. Storage Instructions Refrigerate. Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 14 days Test Details Limitations This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by LabCorp. It has not been cleared or approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Methodology Gas chromatography (GC) Reference Interval None detected (20 mg/dL Additional Information Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, sweet tasting compound used commercially in antifreeze. It has been utilized in suicide attempts, as a substitute for ethanol and in accidental poisonings in both children and domestic pets. 100 mL is lethal; rapid treatment can prevent damage. Half-life is three to five hours. Toxicity is manifested by CNS depression (1 to 12 hours after ingestion), cardiopulmonary symptoms (12 to 24 hours after ingestion), and renal damage (24 to 72 hours after ingestion). Oxalate is a minor metabolite of ethylene glycol and crystals are commonly seen in urine. In addition to blood levels of ethylene glycol, hypocalcemia, elevated anion gap, metabolic acidosis, and osmolal gap elevation are observed. Precaution: Toxicity may be manifested without osmolal gap changes and osmolal and anion gap increases can be present with very low levels of ethylene glycol.

Ethylene Oxide

Expected Turnaround Time 3 - 4 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Information Individual Allergens Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum Volume 0.2 mL Container Red-top tube or gel-barrier tube Storage Instructions Room temperature Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 3 months Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x3 Test Details Methodology Thermo Fisher ImmunoCAP®

Eucalyptus

Euroglyphus maynei

Expected Turnaround Time 3 - 4 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Information Individual Allergens Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum Volume 1 mL Container One 8.5-mL red-top tube or one 8.5-mL gel-barrier tube Storage Instructions Room temperature Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 3 months Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x3 Test Details Methodology Thermo Fisher ImmunoCAP®

Everolimus, Whole Blood

Expected Turnaround Time 2 - 4 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Whole blood Volume 2 mL Minimum Volume 0.50 mL Container Lavender-top (EDTA) tube or green-top (heparin) tube Storage Instructions Room temperature Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 14 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x3 Test Details Use Everolimus is a proliferation signal inhibitor that prevents allograft rejection. It exerts its immunosuppressive effect by inhibiting the proliferation, and thus clonal expansion, of antigen-activated T cells, which is driven by T-cell-specific interleukins. Everolimus inhibits an intracellular signaling pathway that is triggered up binding of these T-cell growth factors to their respective receptors, and which normally leads to cell proliferation. The blockage of this signal by everolimus leads to an arrest of the cells at the G1 stage of cell cycle. Limitations This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by LabCorp. It has not been cleared or approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Methodology Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS)

Ezogabine, Plasma

Synonyms Potiga® Retigabine Test Includes Ezogabine and N-acetylezogabine, reported as total conjugated and unconjugated Expected Turnaround Time 5 - 7 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Plasma, frozen Volume 1 mL Minimum Volume 0.5 mL Container Green-top (heparin) tube. Gel-barrier tubes are not recommended. Collection Plasma should be separated from cells immediately. Transfer separated plasma to a plastic transport tube and freeze immediately. Storage Instructions Freeze immediately. Ship on dry ice. Patient Preparation Trough levels are most reproducible. Causes for Rejection Specimen received unfrozen; gel-barrier tubes Test Details Use Therapeutic drug management Methodology Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS)

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COMMON LAB TESTS

Complete Blood Count

This test, also known as a CBC, is the most common blood test performed. It measures the types and numbers of cells in the blood, including red and white blood cells and platelets. This test is used to determine general health status, screen for disorders and evaluate nutritional status. It can help evaluate symptoms such as weakness, fatigue and bruising, and can help diagnose conditions such as anemia, leukemia, malaria and infection.

Prothrombin Time
Also known as PT and Pro Time, this test measures how long it takes blood to clot. This coagulation test measures the presence and activity of five different blood clotting factors. This test can screen for bleeding abnormalities, and may also be used to monitor medication treatments that prevent the formation of blood clots.

Basic Metabolic Panel
This test measures glucose, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, carbon dioxide, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine which can help determine blood sugar level, electrolyte and fluid balance as well as kidney function. The Basic Metabolic Panel can help your doctor monitor the effects of medications you are taking, such as high blood pressure medicines, can help diagnose certain conditions, or can be part of a routine health screening. You may need to fast for up to 12 hours before this test.

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel
This test combines the Basic Metabolic Panel with six more tests for a more comprehensive evaluation of metabolic functions, with a focus on organ systems.

Lipid Panel
The lipid panel is a group of tests used to evaluate cardiac risk. It includes cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Liver Panel
The liver panel is a combination of tests used to assess liver function and establish the possible presence of liver tumors.

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
This test screens and monitors the function of the thyroid.

Hemoglobin A1C
This test is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes.

Urinalysis
Often the first lab test performed, this is a general screening test used to check for early signs of disease. It may also be used to monitor diabetes or kidney disease.

Cultures
Cultures are used to test for diagnosis and treatment of infections. Illnesses such as urinary tract infections, pneumonia, strep throat, MRSA and meningitis can be detected and tested for appropriate antibiotic treatment.

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