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# A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

There are currently 26 names in this directory beginning with the letter M.

Magnesium

Expected Turnaround Time Within 1 day Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Information Magnesium, RBC Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum (preferred) or plasma Volume 1 mL Minimum Volume 0.5 mL Container Red-top tube, gel-barrier tube, or green-top (lithium heparin) tube Collection Separate serum or plasma from cells within 45 minutes of collection. Storage Instructions Maintain specimen at room temperature. Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 14 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x3 Causes for Rejection EDTA or citrate plasma specimen Test Details Use Magnesium deficiency produces neuromuscular disorders. It may cause weakness, tremors, tetany, and convulsions. Hypomagnesemia is associated with hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, long-term hyperalimentation, intravenous therapy, diabetes mellitus, especially during treatment of ketoacidosis; alcoholism and other types of malnutrition; malabsorption; hyperparathyroidism; dialysis; pregnancy; and hyperaldosteronism. Renal loss of magnesium occurs with cis-platinum therapy. Alfrey also adds amphotericin toxicity to the causes of hypomagnesemia. Magnesium deficiency is described with cardiac arrhythmias. The concept that magnesium deficiency may cause arrhythmias is repeatedly expressed. Increased magnesium levels relate mostly to patients in renal failure. Marked increases may be found in such patients who take magnesium salts (eg, as antacids which contain magnesium). Increased serum magnesium is also found with Addison disease and in pregnant patients with severe preëclampsia or eclampsia who are receiving magnesium sulfate as an anticonvulsant. Hypermagnesemia may occur in patients using magnesium-containing cathartics.1 High magnesium levels are manifested by decreased reflexes, somnolence, and heart block.2 Indications for measurement of serum magnesium include the presence of unexplained hypocalcemia, instances in which hypokalemia is unresponsive to potassium supplementation, and in patients who have cardiac disorders in which hypomagnesemia may be especially hazardous such as congestive failure, ventricular ectopy, digitalis use, or left ventricular hypertrophy. Serum magnesium is indicated only selectively in patients on diuretics: those on high dose thiazides, loop diuretics or hydrochlorothiazide in doses >50 mg/day.3 Because an association between aminoglycoside therapy and severe hypomagnesemia is described, a recommendation is published to measure serum magnesium in subjects receiving aminoglycosides. Recommendations also exist to measure it in patients on cyclosporine.4,5 Limitations Hemolysis will yield elevated results as levels in erythrocytes are two to three times higher than serum. Bilirubin may cause falsely low values.6 Methodology Colorimetric Additional Information Parathormone enhances tubular reabsorption of magnesium. Measure magnesium in patients with hypocalcemia, of whom 23%, without renal failure, were found in one study to have hypomagnesemia.2 Magnesium containing drugs can cause toxic levels in patients with impaired renal function. A causal relation between decreased Mg2+ content of cardiac muscle/coronary arteries and nonocclusive sudden-death ischemic heart disease has been proposed. Serum magnesium constitutes only a small fraction of total body stores and may not predict magnesium status correctly.7 Magnesium acts as a metallic cofactor in over 300 enzymatic reactions.8 A positive correlation between normomagnesemia and successful resuscitation is reported.9 Serum magnesium has prognostic importance in congestive heart failure.10

Manganese, RBC and Plasma

Expected Turnaround Time 3 - 7 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Specimen Requirements Specimen Packed RBCs and plasma Volume 3 mL each plasma and packed RBCs Container Royal blue-top (EDTA) metal-free tube; metal-free transfer tubes Collection Both packed cells and plasma are required. Separate before shipping. Failure to separate may cause rejection due to hemolysis of red cells and contamination of the plasma. Transfer RBCs and plasma into separate plastic, acid-washed, trace metal-free tubes. Specimen must be received at the testing facility within five days of collection. Storage Instructions Room temperature Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 14 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x3 Causes for Rejection Failure to separate plasma and red cells; specimen received more than five days after collection Test Details Use Evaluate manganese stores Methodology Inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) Reference Interval Plasma: <2.0 ng/mL; RBC: 11.0−23.0 ng/mL

Manganese, Whole Blood

Synonyms Mn, Blood Expected Turnaround Time 2 - 4 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Information Manganese, Plasma Manganese, Urine Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Whole blood Volume 2 mL Minimum Volume 0.6 mL Container Royal blue-top (EDTA) tube; submit original tube. Collection Submit original unopened tube. Storage Instructions Maintain specimen at room temperature. Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 7 days Causes for Rejection Royal blue-top tube not submitted Test Details Use Monitor manganese exposure Limitations In evaluating toxicity, the serum level may have returned to normal while the neurological damage persists. In evaluating possible deficiency states, the human deficiency syndrome is poorly defined, making interpretation difficult. Levels are reportedly reduced mildly in epilepsy, and raised in hepatitis or jaundice. Manganese levels are 60% lower than normal in hemodialysis patients. This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by LabCorp. It has not been cleared or approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Methodology Inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) Reference Interval 8.0−18.7 μg/L Additional Information Toxic exposure may occur from dry cells, fungicide (maneb), and in the steel or chemical industries. Manganese is present in the coloring agents for glass and soap, in paints, varnish and enamel, and in linoleum. It is used in the manufacture of chlorine gas and in lead-free gasoline. Industrial manganese poisoning has been recognized since 1837.

Measles (Rubeola) Antibodies, IgG

Synonyms Measles Special Instructions Identify specimen as acute or convalescent. Acute and convalescent specimens must be submitted on separate request forms. Expected Turnaround Time 1 - 2 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum Volume 0.5 mL Minimum Volume 0.2 mL Container Red-top tube or gel-barrier tube Storage Instructions Room temperature Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 14 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x4 Causes for Rejection Hemolysis; lipemia; gross bacterial contamination Test Details Use Aid in the determination of serological status to measles virus. A positive result generally indicates exposure to measles virus or previous vaccination. A positive result is considered adequate laboratory evidence of measles immunity. Persons with an equivocal serologic test result do not have adequate presumptive evidence of immunity and should be considered sesceptible unless they have other evidence of measles immunity. Documented age-appropriate vaccination supersedes the results of subsequent serologic testing. If a person who has two documented doses of measles-containing vaccine is tested serologically and is determined to have negative or equivocal measles results, it is not recommended that they receive an additional dose of vaccine. These individuals should be considered to have presumptive evidence of immunity. Methodology Chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) Reference Interval • Negative: 16.4 AU/mL Additional Information Measles virus (rubeola) is a member of the Paramyxoviidae family of viruses which includes the parainfluenza viruses, mumps, and respiratory syncytial virus. Measles is a highly contagious rash illness that is transmitted from person to person by direct contact with respiratory droplets generated through coughing and sneezing. Ninety percent of susceptible persons exposed to measles infected individuals will go on to develop measles. Although vaccination is highly effective against measles virus and the United States was declared free from endemic measles in 2000, travel-associated cases and spread among unvaccinated individuals continues to occur resulting in local measles epidemics. Acceptable presumptive evidence of Measles Immunity: Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), acceptable presumptive evidence of immunity against measles virus includes at least one of the following: • Documentation of age-appropriate vaccination against measles virus. • Laboratory evidence of immunity (IgG in serum; equivocal results should be considered negative). • Laboratory confirmation of measles. • Birth before 1957.

Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Immunity Profile

Synonyms MMR Antibodies Test Includes Measles IgG antibodies; Mumps IgG antibodies; Rubella IgG antibodies Expected Turnaround Time 1 - 2 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum Volume 2 mL Minimum Volume 1 mL Container Red-top tube or gel-barrier tube Storage Instructions Refrigerate Causes for Rejection Hemolysis; lipemia; gross bacterial contamination Test Details Use Aid in the determination of serological status to measles, mumps, and rubella viruses. A positive result generally indicates exposure to virus or previous vaccination. A positive result is considered adequate laboratory evidence of immunity. Methodology See individual tests. Reference Interval See individual tests. Additional Information Measles Acceptable presumptive evidence of Measles Immunity (at least one of the following): • Documentation of age-appropriate vaccination against measles virus. • Laboratory evidence of immunity (IgG in serum; equivocal results should be considered negative). • Laboratory confirmation of measles. • Birth before 1957. Persons who have measles-specific IgG antibody that is detectable by any commonly used serological assay are considered to have adequate laboratory evidence of measles immunity. Persons with an equivocal serologic test result do not have adequate presumptive evidence of immunity and should be considered susceptible unless they have other evidence of measles immunity. Documented age-appropriate vaccination supersedes the results of subsequent serologic testing. If a person who has two documented doses of measles-containing vaccine is tested serologically and is determined to have negative or equivocal measles results, it is not recommended that the person receive an additional dose of vaccine. Such persons should be considered to have presumptive evidence of immunity. Mumps Acceptable presumptive evidence of Mumps Immunity (at least one of the following): • Documentation of age-appropriate vaccination against mumps virus. • Laboratory evidence of immunity (IgG in serum; equivocal results should be considered negative). • Laboratory confirmation of disease. • Born before 1957. Rubella Acceptable presumptive evidence of Rubella Immunity (at least one of the following): • Documentation of 1-dose of live rubela virus-containing vaccine. • Laboratory evidence of immunity (IgG in serum; equivocal results should be considered negative). • Laboratory confirmation of disease. • Born before 1957 (except women of childbearing age who could become pregnant).

Mephedrone, MDPV, and Methylone, Screen and Confirmation, Urine

Synonyms MDPV Expected Turnaround Time 5 - 10 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Specimen Requirements Specimen Urine (random) Volume 10 mL Minimum Volume 1 mL Container Urine container without preservative Storage Instructions Submission/transport (<3 days): Room temperature. For storage beyond three days, specimen should be refrigerated or frozen. Causes for Rejection Urine from preservative tube Test Details Use Detect presence of MDPV (methylenedioxypyrovalerone) Methodology Initial presumptive testing by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) at a testing threshold of 1.0 ng/mL; presumptive positives confirmed by definitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) at a testing threshold of 1.0 ng/mL

Mercury, Whole Blood

Expected Turnaround Time 2 - 4 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Information Heavy Metals Profile I, Whole Blood Heavy Metals Profile II, Whole Blood Mercury, Urine Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Whole blood Volume 1 mL Minimum Volume 0.6 mL Container Royal blue-top (EDTA) tube; submit original tube. Collection Sampling time is end of shift at the end of the work week for industrial exposure monitoring. Metals with timing “end of shift at the end of the work week” (meaning four or five consecutive days with exposure) are eliminated with half-lives longer than five hours. Such metals accumulate in the body during the work week; therefore, their timing is critical in relation to previous exposures. Storage Instructions Maintain specimen at room temperature. Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 14 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x3 Causes for Rejection Clotted specimen Test Details Use Monitor exposure to mercury Limitations Blood mercury levels may be elevated due to the presence of inorganic mercury and/or organic mercury compound (eg, ethylmercury and methylmercury). These alkylmercury compounds are generally not used in industry but are considered more toxic to humans than inorganic mercury. This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by LabCorp. It has not been cleared or approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Methodology Inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) Reference Interval • Environmental exposure: 0.0−14.9 μg/L, individuals consuming large quantities of seafood may have values as high as 200.0 μg/L • Occupational exposure: BEI®: inorganic mercury (sampling time is end of shift at end of work week): 15.0 μg/L1 Additional Information Acute and chronic mercury poisoning affects the kidneys, central nervous system, and the gastrointestinal tract. The three telltale symptoms of mercury poisoning are impaired articulation, irregularity of muscular action, and constricted visual fields. Mercury poisoning through chronic exposure to metallic and inorganic forms of mercury generally produces nervousness, lassitude, tremor, and mucous membrane irritation. Inorganic mercury poisoning is associated primarily with peripheral effects, including gastroenteritis and tubular nephritis, whereas organic compounds predominantly affect the central nervous system (CNS) and effects may be severe and irreversible.2 Chronic inorganic mercury poisoning is an occupational disease of smelters, mercury miners, gilders, and factory workers. Inhalation of mercury vapors may lead to pneumonitis, cough, fever, and other pulmonary symptoms. The most reliable way to measure exposure to inorganic mercury is to measure urinary mercury levels. Correlation between urine levels and symptoms is poor, however. The most common nonindustrial source of mercury poisoning is the consumption of methyl mercury-contaminated fish. Organic mercury poisoning is best detected in whole blood, as this form of mercury is located mainly in the RBCs. Organic mercury poisoning may develop quickly and is usually a more serious disease. Studies conducted by the CDC3 found that approximately 6% of childbearing-age women had levels at or above a reference dose, an estimated level assumed to be without appreciable harm (>5.8 μg/L). Women who are pregnant or who intend to become pregnant should follow federal and state advisories on consumption of fish. Additional general population exposure to mercury is from coal-fired power plants where an estimated 75 tons of mercury are emitted into the atmosphere each year.4 BEI® are reference values intended as guidelines for evaluation of occupational exposure. BEI® represent biological levels of chemicals that correspond to workers with inhalation exposure equivalent to the threshold limit value (TLV®) of the chemicals. TLV®s refer to the airborne concentrations of substances and represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse health effects.5

Mesoridazine, Serum or Plasma

Expected Turnaround Time 7 - 14 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum or plasma Volume 1 mL Minimum Volume 0.5 mL Container Red-top tube or green-top (heparin) tube. Gel-barrier tubes are not recommended. Collection Serum or plasma should be separated from cells within two hours of venipuncture. Submit serum or plasma in a plastic transport tube. Storage Instructions Submission/transport (<3 days): Room temperature. For storage beyond three days, specimen should be refrigerated or frozen. Patient Preparation Trough levels are most reproducible. Causes for Rejection Gel-barrier tubes Test Details Use Therapeutic drug management Methodology Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) Reference Interval 150−1000 ng/mL

Metabolic Panel (14), Comprehensive

Synonyms Comprehensive Metabolic Panel Test Includes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT); albumin:globulin (A:G) ratio; albumin, serum; alkaline phosphatase, serum; aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT); bilirubin, total; BUN; BUN:creatinine ratio; calcium, serum; carbon dioxide, total; chloride, serum; creatinine, serum; eGFR calculation; globulin, total; glucose, serum; potassium, serum; protein, total, serum; sodium, serum Expected Turnaround Time Within 1 day Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents For more information, please view the literature below. AMA-Recognized Organ and Disease Panels Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum (preferred) or plasma Volume 1 mL Minimum Volume 0.5 mL (Note: This volume does not allow for repeat testing.) Container Gel-barrier tube is preferred (send entire tube). Red-top tube or green-top (heparin) tube is acceptable. Collection Draw blood in gel-barrier tube and centrifuge. If red-top tube or green-top tube is used, centrifuge within 45 minutes of draw, remove the serum or plasma, and place in a transport tube and tightly stopper the tube. Storage Instructions Room temperature Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 3 days Refrigerated 3 days Frozen 14 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x2 Patient Preparation Patient should fast for 12 hours preceding collection of specimen. Test Details Methodology See individual tests.

Metabolic Syndrome Profile

Synonyms Insulin Resistance Syndrome Reaven's Syndrome Syndrome X Test Includes Glucose, plasma; HDL cholesterol; triglycerides Expected Turnaround Time Within 1 day Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum and plasma Volume 1 mL serum and 0.5 mL plasma Minimum Volume 0.5 mL serum and 0.5 mL plasma (Note: This volume does not allow for repeat testing.) Container Gel-barrier tube, transport tube, or green-top (heparin) tube and gray-top (sodium fluoride) tube Collection Separate serum or plasma from cells within 45 minutes of collection. Label gray-top tube as plasma. Storage Instructions Maintain specimen at room temperature. Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 3 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 14 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x2 Patient Preparation Patient should be fasting for 12 to 14 hours and on a stable diet for two weeks prior to blood collection. Causes for Rejection Gross hemolysis; nonfasting specimen; specimen collected in glycerin tube; improper labeling Test Details Use Identify individuals with metabolic syndrome. The National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines indicate that metabolic syndrome is present in patients with any three of the following five symptoms: • HDL <40 mg/dL in men and 40” in men and >35” in women Metabolic syndrome conveys an increased risk of diabetes, hypertension, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, and cardiovascular disease. Limitations This profile should not be performed on patients who have, in the preceding three months, suffered a myocardial infarction or similar traumatic episode, including acute infection or inflammation. Methodology Enzymatic

Methadone Confirmation, Urine

Synonyms Dolophine® Methadose® Expected Turnaround Time 3 - 5 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Urine Volume 20 mL Minimum Volume 7 mL Container Use plastic urine drug bottle and evidence tape or tamper-evident container for forensic specimen. Collection kits are available by request from the laboratory. Collection Urine temperature monitoring is recommended for samples to be tested for medicolegal purposes. Storage Instructions Maintain specimen at room temperature. If arrival extends beyond seven days, then refrigerate. Test Details Methodology Mass spectrometry (MS)

Methadone, Screen and Confirmation, Urine

Synonyms Dolophine® Methadose® Test Includes Screen; confirmation (If confirmation is performed, additional CPT code(s)/charges will apply.) Special Instructions Chain-of-custody documentation is required for samples submitted for preëmployment, random employee testing, and forensic purposes. For other applications, use the standard test request form. Please mark chain-of-custody test number on the test request form. Expected Turnaround Time 2 - 4 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Specimen Requirements Specimen Urine Volume 20 mL Container Use plastic urine drug bottle and evidence tape or tamper-evident container for forensic specimen. Collection kits are available by request from the laboratory. Collection Urine temperature monitoring is recommended for samples to be tested for medicolegal purposes. Storage Instructions Maintain specimen at room temperature. If arrival extends beyond seven days, then refrigerate. Test Details Use Evaluate toxicity and detection as drug of abuse Methodology Initial testing by immunoassay; confirmation of positives by mass spectrometry (MS) Additional Information Methadone is a synthetic diphenylheptane derivative. Methadone is approximately equal in analgesic properties to morphine but produces less euphoria than morphine. Methadone is highly addictive, but the withdrawal symptoms are less intense. This drug is used in the management of severe pain and in narcotic detoxification maintenance programs. Onset of action is 30 to 60 minutes after oral dose and 10 to 20 minutes following parenteral administration. The half-life is 15 to 55 hours. Adverse effects include marked sedation after repeated administration, CNS and respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting, bradycardia, hypotension, increased intracranial pressure, miosis, antidiuretic hormone release, and physical and psychological dependence. This drug is included in most drug-of-abuse profiles.

Methadone, Screen Only, Urine

Synonyms Dolophine® Methadose® Special Instructions This assay is designed for pain management. It is not intended for workplace testing and does not comply with state regulatory workplace testing programs. Expected Turnaround Time 1 - 4 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Specimen Requirements Specimen Urine Volume 20 mL Container Plastic urine container Storage Instructions Maintain specimen at room temperature. If arrival at lab will extend beyond seven days, refrigerate. Test Details Use Detect the presence of methadone Methodology Immunoassay (IA)

Methamphetamines D and L, Urine (LabCorp MedWatch®)

Synonyms D/L Isomer Steroisomers Special Instructions This profile is intended for pain management. It is not intended for workplace testing and does not comply with state regulatory workplace testing programs. Expected Turnaround Time 5 - 7 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Urine Volume 20 mL Container Plastic urine container Collection Urine temperature monitoring is recommended for samples to be tested for medicolegal purposes. Storage Instructions Maintain specimen at room temperature. Stability: If arrival at lab will extend beyond 7 days, then refrigerate. Causes for Rejection Quantity not sufficient for analysis; improper specimen (serum, plasma, blood); incomplete chain-of-custody documentation; incomplete specimen identification Test Details Use Drug analysis/clinical drug monitoring Methodology Mass Spectrometry (MS)

Methanol, Whole Blood

Synonyms Methyl Alcohol Wood Alcohol Special Instructions Do not prepare venipuncture site with alcohol or remove stopper from tube. Expected Turnaround Time 2 - 3 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Specimen Requirements Specimen Whole blood or serum Volume 7 mL Minimum Volume 0.5 mL Container Gray-top (sodium fluoride) tube (preferred) or red-top tube. Submit original unopened tube. Collection Do not prepare venipuncture site with alcohol. Storage Instructions Room temperature Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 14 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x3 Causes for Rejection Gel-barrier tube Test Details Methodology Gas chromatography (GC) Reference Interval Negative (cutoff = 0.010%)

Methylmalonic Acid, Serum or Plasma

Expected Turnaround Time 3 - 6 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Information Anemia Profile, Megaloblastic Vitamin B12 Deficiency Cascade Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum or plasma Volume 2 mL Minimum Volume 0.6 mL Container Red-top tube, gel-barrier tube, or green-top (heparin) tube Collection Separate serum or plasma from cells within one hour of collection. Storage Instructions Refrigerate. Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 19 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x3 Causes for Rejection Plasma from a light blue-top or yellow-top tube; citrate interferes with assay Test Details Use Serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) measurement is used to evaluate individuals with signs and symptoms associated with vitamin B12 deficiency1-7 or congenital methylmalonic academia.8,9 Limitations This test was developed, and its performance characteristics determined, by LabCorp. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Methodology Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) Reference Interval 0−378 nmol/L Additional Information MMA is a four-carbon molecule that is a product of the metabolic break-down of valine, isoleucine, and propionic acid.1 Vitamin B12 is a critical cofactor for the conversion of MMA to succinate.1 As a result, vitamin B12 deficiency causes an accumulation of MMA in the serum.1 MMA concentrations will often become elevated in the early stages of vitamin B12 while serum vitamin B12 levels are in normal range.1-4 Consequently, MMA measurement is used as a diagnostic test for vitamin B12 deficiency in persons with a low or low normal serum vitamin B12 concentration.5,6 Follow-up measurement of MMA can also be of value in assessing the effectiveness of vitamin B12 supplementation of deficient patients.7 Vitamin B12 deficiency causes macrocytic anemias and decreased erythrocyte survival due to abnormal maturation of erythrocyte precursors in the bone marrow.10,11 Pernicious anemia is a form of vitamin B12 deficiency that is caused by a lack of intrinsic factor.10,11 Low vitamin B12 intake, gastrectomy, malabsorption, and transcobalamin deficiency can also cause vitamin B12 deficiency.10,11 Although severe vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with anemia, hematologic signs are not always observed in patients with biochemically confirmed deficiency.12 Elderly patients with cobalamin deficiency may present with peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, memory impairment, depression, and dementia in the absence of anemia.13,14 A generally agreed on cutoff for elevated plasma MMA is 370 nmol/L.6,12 Approximately 2% of the US population and 7% of elderly persons have MMA concentrations above this threshold.12

Methylphenidate and Metabolite, Urine

Synonyms Ritalin® Test Includes Methylphenidate; ritalinic acid Expected Turnaround Time 5 - 10 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Specimen Requirements Specimen Urine (random) Volume 10 mL Minimum Volume 1 mL Container Plastic urine container without preservative Storage Instructions Freeze. Causes for Rejection Urine from preservative tube Test Details Use Detect the presence of methylphenidate, a prescription stimulant drug Methodology Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS)

Mirtazapine, Serum or Plasma

Synonyms Remeron® Expected Turnaround Time 10 - 14 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum or plasma Volume 2 mL Minimum Volume 0.5 mL Container Red-top tube or green-top (heparin) tube. Gel-barrier tubes are not recommended. Collection Serum or plasma should be separated from cells within two hours of venipuncture. Submit serum or plasma in a plastic transport tube. Storage Instructions Submission/transport (<3 days): Room temperature. For storage beyond three days, specimen should be refrigerated or frozen. Patient Preparation Trough levels are most reproducible. Causes for Rejection Gel-barrier tubes Test Details Use Therapeutic drug management Methodology High-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/FD) Reference Interval Expected steady-state trough mirtazapine concentrations in patients receiving recommended daily dosages: 4.0−40.0 ng/mL.

Miscellaneous Smear Cytology

Synonyms Anal Smear DES Endocervical Aspiration Smears Endometrial Aspiration Smears Herpes Cytology Herpetic Inclusion Bodies Cytology Inclusion Body Stain Ocular Cytology Oral Cytology Prostatic Massage, Skin Lesion Tzanck Smear Vaginal Wall Cytology Viral Study, Herpes Test Includes Routine cytologic evaluation of prepared smear(s) Special Instructions Include patient's name, date of birth, Social Security number, source, previous malignancy, drug therapy, radiation therapy, and all other pertinent clinical information on the request form. Can be requested as stat procedure if active herpes infection is suspected at time of labor prior to vaginal delivery. Specify viral study and body site on the request form. Expected Turnaround Time Within 1 day Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Specimen Requirements Specimen Smear(s) Volume One slide(s) Container Cardboard or plastic slide holder(s), Coplin jar(s) Collection Prepare smears and immediately fix each with spray fixative or in 95% ethyl alcohol. Label each slide with patient's name and source of smear(s). Storage Instructions Maintain specimen at room temperature. Causes for Rejection Improper labeling; improper fixation; air-drying artifact; frozen specimen Test Details Use Establish the presence of herpesvirus infection; aid in the diagnosis of pemphigus, vesiculobullous skin or mucosal disorders Methodology Pap stained: microscopic examination

Mitochondrial (M2) Antibody

Synonyms AMA Expected Turnaround Time 1 - 3 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum Volume 1 mL Minimum Volume 0.3 mL Container Red-top tube or gel-barrier tube Storage Instructions Room temperature Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 14 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x3 Causes for Rejection Hemolysis; lipemia; gross bacterial contamination; heat-treated specimen; specimen with preservative added Test Details Use The presence of mitochondrial antibodies can be used in conjunction with clinical findings and other laboratory tests to aid in the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Limitations The presence of immune complexes in the patient's sample may cause an increased level of nonspecific binding and produce false-positive results. Not all PBC patients are positive for mitochondrial antibodies. Results of this assay should be used in conjunction with clinical findings and other serologic tests. Methodology Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Reference Interval • Negative: 0.0−20.0 • Equivocal: 20.1−24.9 • Positive: >24.9 Additional Information Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) have been reported in 90% to 96% of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. AMA are also occasionally found in sera of patients with other liver diseases, including chronic active hepatitis, cryptogenic cirrhosis, as well as in patients with clinical but no biochemical evidence of liver disease. The M2 antigen used is strongly associated with PBC, while other types (M1, M2, M5, and M6) are associated with a wide variety of conditions.

Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Testing (Leukocyte)

Special Instructions This assay is not currently available in New York state. Expected Turnaround Time 2 - 4 weeks Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Specimen Requirements Specimen Whole blood Volume 4 mL Minimum Volume 1 mL Container Lavender-top (EDTA) tube Collection Draw blood into EDTA tube. Storage Instructions Ship ASAP, but stable up to 5 days post-collection at room temperature. Do not freeze. Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 5 days Refrigerated 5 days Frozen Do not freeze Causes for Rejection Frozen blood EDTA tube Test Details Use To diagnose the mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS). The test is also useful in assessing variants of uncertain significance in nuclear DNA genes that cause MDS. MDS is a clinically heterogeneous group of mitochondrial disorders characterized by a reduction of the mtDNA copy number in affected tissues without mutations or rearrangements in the mtDNA. MDS is phenotypically heterogeneous, and can affect a specific organ or a combination of organs, with the main presentations described being either hepatocerebral (i.e. hypotonia, muscle weakness, bulbar weakness), encephalomyopathic (i.e. hypotonia, muscle weakness, psychomotor delay) or neurogastrointestinal (i.e. gastrointestinal dysmotility, peripheral neuropathy). Additional phenotypes include fatal infantile lactic acidosis with methylmalonic aciduria, spastic ataxia (early-onset spastic ataxia-neuropathy syndrome), and Alpers syndrome (see these terms). Limitations This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by LabCorp. It has not been cleared or approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Methodology Real-time Quantitative PCR Analysis

Morphine, Serum or Plasma

Synonyms Kadian® MS Contin® Roxanol® Expected Turnaround Time 7 - 10 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum or plasma Volume 5 mL Minimum Volume 2 mL Container Red-top tube or green-top (heparin) tube. Gel-barrier tubes are not recommended. Collection Serum or plasma should be separated from cells within two hours of venipuncture. Submit serum or plasma in a plastic transport tube. Storage Instructions Submission/transport (<3 days): Room temperature. For storage beyond three days, specimen should be refrigerated or frozen. Patient Preparation Trough levels are most reproducible. Causes for Rejection Gel-barrier tubes Test Details Use Therapeutic drug management Methodology Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) Reference Interval 21−65 ng/mL

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Profile

Synonyms MS Profile Test Includes IgG and albumin quantitation in both serum and spinal fluid samples; CSF, IgG:CSF albumin ratio; CSF IgG index; CSF IgG synthesis rate; oligoclonal banding Expected Turnaround Time 4 - 6 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), collected at the same time Volume 2 mL serum and 1.5 mL CSF Minimum Volume 0.8 mL serum and 0.6 mL CSF Sample Requirements for Multiple Sclerosis Profile Profile Components CSF Preferred CSF Minimum Serum Preferred Serum Minimum Notes *IgG synthesis rate and IgG:albumin ratio (CSF) within the multiple sclerosis profile utilize the same IgG and albumin (CSF and serum) results from the IgG index for calculations; therefore, no additional sample is required. Oligoclonal banding 0.5 mL 0.1 mL 0.5 mL 0.1 mL Serum and CSF must be collected at the same time. IgG index* 1 mL 0.5 mL 1.5 mL 0.7 mL Includes IgG and albumin on CSF and serum Total sample required: 1.5 mL 0.6 mL 2.0 mL 0.8 mL Container Transport tubes Collection Collect serum and CSF at the same time. Avoid contaminating CSF with blood. Centrifuge CSF at 1500xg for 20 minutes and place the supernatant into separate tubes. Ensure that residual fibrin and cellular matter have been removed. Storage Instructions Room temperature Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 14 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x2 Causes for Rejection Plasma instead of serum specimen; serum and CSF not collected within eight hours of each other Test Details Use Adjunct in aiding clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis Methodology Oligoclonal banding: IEF; CSF IgG, CSF albumin, and serum IgG: immunologic; serum albumin: spectrophotometry; synthesis rate, ratio, and index by calculation

Mumps Antibodies, IgM

Synonyms Parotitis Epidemica Antibodies Test Includes Quantitation of IgM antibodies Expected Turnaround Time 1 - 5 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum Volume 1 mL Minimum Volume 0.5 mL Container Red-top tube or gel-barrier tube Storage Instructions Room temperature Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 14 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x4 Causes for Rejection Hemolysis; lipemia; gross bacterial contamination Test Details Use Aid in the diagnosis of acute mumps infection Methodology Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) Reference Interval • Negative: 1.20

Murine Typhus Antibodies, IgG

Expected Turnaround Time 1 - 6 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum Volume 1 mL Minimum Volume 0.5 mL Container Red-top tube or gel-barrier tube Storage Instructions Refrigerate for five days; freeze serum for long-term storage. Causes for Rejection Lipemic, hemolyzed, or bacterially-contaminated samples Test Details Use Detect antibodies following infection with murine typhus Methodology Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) Reference Interval • Negative: 1:64 A fourfold increase in antibody titer between acute and convalescent specimens is consistent with recent infection. A single titer ≥1:128 can be consistent with recent infection. Titers of 1:16−1:64 can be indicative of recent or past infection.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Antibodies, IgG, IgM

Synonyms Atypical Pneumonia PPLO Antibodies Expected Turnaround Time 1 - 5 days Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary. Related Documents Sample Report Specimen Requirements Specimen Serum Volume 1 mL Minimum Volume 0.5 mL Container Red-top tube or gel-barrier tube Storage Instructions Maintain specimen at room temperature. Stability Requirements Temperature Period Room temperature 14 days Refrigerated 14 days Frozen 14 days Freeze/thaw cycles Stable x3 Causes for Rejection Hemolysis; lipemia; gross bacterial contamination Test Details Use Aid in the diagnosis of atypical pneumonia, which is a cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Primary infection usually occurs in children and reinfection in adults is common. Results must be interpreted in light of each patient's history, physical examination, and other diagnostic findings. Methodology Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) Reference Interval Negative: IgG: <100 units/mL, IgM: <770 units/mL Additional Information A positive result indicates prior exposure to Mycoplasma. A single positive IgG result may be present in the absence of any clinical symptoms as specific IgG antibodies may remain elevated long after initial infection. Recent or acute infection can only be documented by a positive Mycoplasma IgM result and/or a significant increase in the IgG value between sera drawn two to four weeks apart. Specific IgM antibodies may persist for several months after infection or be absent during reinfection.

Common Lab Tests

Complete Blood Count

This test, also known as a CBC, is the most common blood test performed. It measures the types and numbers of cells in the blood, including red and white blood cells and platelets. This test is used to determine general health status, screen for disorders and evaluate nutritional status. It can help evaluate symptoms such as weakness, fatigue and bruising, and can help diagnose conditions such as anemia, leukemia, malaria and infection.

Prothrombin Time

Also known as PT and Pro Time, this test measures how long it takes blood to clot. This coagulation test measures the presence and activity of five different blood clotting factors. This test can screen for bleeding abnormalities, and may also be used to monitor medication treatments that prevent the formation of blood clots.

Basic Metabolic Panel

This test measures glucose, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, carbon dioxide, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine which can help determine blood sugar level, electrolyte and fluid balance as well as kidney function. The Basic Metabolic Panel can help your doctor monitor the effects of medications you are taking, such as high blood pressure medicines, can help diagnose certain conditions, or can be part of a routine health screening. You may need to fast for up to 12 hours before this test.

Lipid

Panel

The lipid panel is a group of tests used to evaluate cardiac risk. It includes cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Liver Panel

The liver panel is a combination of tests used to assess liver function and establish the possible presence of liver tumors.

Hemoglobin A1C

This test is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes.

Urinalysis

Often the first lab test performed, this is a general screening test used to check for early signs of disease. It may also be used to monitor diabetes or kidney disease.

Cultures

Cultures are used to test for diagnosis and treatment of infections. Illnesses such as urinary tract infections, pneumonia, strep throat, MRSA and meningitis can be detected and tested for appropriate antibiotic treatment.

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